Question 1

How far is Mars from Earth right now?

Accepted Answer

Right now Mars is about 301.0 million km (2.012 AU) from Earth — roughly 16.7 light-minutes away at the speed of light. This distance changes constantly as both planets orbit the Sun (from about 55 to 400 million km).

Question 2

Why do planet distances keep changing?

Accepted Answer

Every planet orbits the Sun at a different speed and distance, so the gap between Earth and another planet is always changing. Planets are closest at "opposition" (when Earth is between the planet and the Sun) and farthest at "conjunction".

Question 3

What is an AU (astronomical unit)?

Accepted Answer

One astronomical unit (AU) is the average distance from Earth to the Sun — about 149.6 million km. Distances across the Solar System are often given in AU.

Body	Distance (km)	AU	Light-time
🌙 The Moon	0.40M	0.003	1 light-seconds
☿️ Mercury	114.92M	0.768	6.4 light-minutes
♀️ Venus	123.96M	0.829	6.9 light-minutes
🔴 Mars	300.98M	2.012	16.7 light-minutes
🟠 Jupiter	942.59M	6.301	52.4 light-minutes
🪐 Saturn	1353.79M	9.050	75.3 light-minutes
🔵 Uranus	2982.12M	19.934	2.8 light-hours
🔷 Neptune	4390.05M	29.346	4.1 light-hours